Is ROM A Hardware Or Software
Memory, RAM, and ROM | Hardware and Software | AP Computer Science A | eduPLEX
eduPLEX:
How computer memory is comprised of memory locations and their addresses, with a comparison of random access memory (RAM) with sequential access. An introduction to bytes and their role in memory. How RAM is volatile. Also, ROM and how it’s different from RAM. • • • Inspired by Sal Khan and Khan Academy, eduPLEX began as a way to provide educational resources for topics in high school AP courses that were not already available online. Currently, eduPLEX is creating content for AP Computer Science A and AP Computer Science Principles, with plans of expanding to cover additional courses in the near future. We hope that our videos will promote an intuitive, selfpaced pursuit into the realm of computer science and higher learning for students anywhere in the world..Read More »
How Computers Work: Hardware and Software
Code.org:
Take a peak into the relationship between software and the hardware it controls. Start learning at Stay in touch with us! • on Twitter • on Facebook • on Instagram • on Tumblr • on LinkedIn • on Google+ +codeorg Help us caption & translate this video!.Read More »
Why do we need ROM
Sanganak Guru:
Readonly memory (ROM) is a type of nonvolatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM can only be modified slowly, with difficulty, or not at all, so it is mainly used to store firmware (software that is closely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to need frequent updates) or application software in plugin cartridges. Strictly, readonly memory refers to memory that is hardwired, such as diode matrix and the later mask ROM (MROM), which cannot be changed after manufacture. Although discrete circuits can be altered in principle, integrated circuits (ICs) cannot, and are useless if the data is bad or requires an update. That such memory can never be changed is a disadvantage in many applications, as bugs and security issues cannot be fixed, and new features cannot be added. More recently, ROM has come to include memory that is readonly in normal operation, but can still be reprogrammed in some way. Erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM) and electrically erasable programmable readonly memory (EEPROM) can be erased and reprogrammed, but usually this can only be done at relatively slow speeds, may require special equipment to achieve, and is typically only possible a certain number of times. In computing, booting (or booting up) is the initialization of a computerized system. The system can be a computer or a computer appliance. The booting process can be "hard", , after electrical power to the CPU is switched from off to on (in order to diagnose particular hardware errors), or "soft", when those poweron selftests (POST) can be avoided. On some systems a soft boot may optionally clear RAM to zero. Both hard and soft booting can be initiated by hardware such as a button press, or by software command. Booting is complete when the normal, operative, runtime environment is attained. A boot loader is a computer program that loads an operating system or some other system software for the computer after completion of the poweron selftests; it is the loader for the operating system itself. Within the hard reboot process, it runs after completion of the selftests, then loads and runs the software. A boot loader is loaded into main memory from persistent memory, such as a hard disk drive or, in some older computers, from a medium such as punched cards, punched tape, or magnetic tape. The boot loader then loads and executes the processes that finalize the boot. Like POST processes, the boot loader code comes from a "hardwired" and persistent location; if that location is too limited for some reason, that primary boot loader calls a secondstage boot loader or a secondary program loader. On modern general purpose computers, the boot up process can take tens of seconds, or even minutes, and typically involves performing a poweron selftest, locating and initializing peripheral devices, and then finding, loading and starting an operating system. The process of hibernating or sleeping does not involve booting. Minimally, some embedded systems do not require a noticeable boot sequence to begin functioning and when turned on may simply run operational programs that are stored in ROM. All computing systems are state machines, and a reboot may be the only method to return to a designated zerostate from an unintended, locked state. In addition to loading an operating system or standalone utility, the boot process can also load a storage dump program for diagnosing problems in an operating system. Boot is short for bootstrap[1][2] or bootstrap load and derives from the phrase to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps.[3][citation needed]The usage calls attention to the requirement that, if most software is loaded onto a computer by other software already running on the computer, some mechanism must exist to load the initial software onto the computer.[4] Early computers used a variety of adhoc methods to get a small program into memory to solve this problem. The invention of readonly memory (ROM) of various types solved this paradox by allowing computers to be shipped with a start up program that could not be erased. Growth in the capacity of ROM has allowed ever more elaborate start up procedures to be implemented..Read More »
Computer Hardware and Software CPU,ALU,RAM,ROM| IT and Cyber Law for University Assistant VEO LDC
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Why computer need ROM (Read Only memory) | BIOS | CMOS
StriJan Channel:
Readonly memory (ROM) is a type of nonvolatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM can only be modified slowly, with difficulty, or not at all, so it is mainly used to store firmware (software that is closely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to need frequent updates) or application software in plugin cartridges. Strictly, readonly memory refers to memory that is hardwired, such as diode matrix and the later mask ROM (MROM), which cannot be changed after manufacture. Although discrete circuits can be altered in principle, integrated circuits (ICs) cannot, and are useless if the data is bad or requires an update. That such memory can never be changed is a disadvantage in many applications, as bugs and security issues cannot be fixed, and new features cannot be added. More recently, ROM has come to include memory that is readonly in normal operation, but can still be reprogrammed in some way. Erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM) and electrically erasable programmable readonly memory (EEPROM) can be erased and reprogrammed, but usually this can only be done at relatively slow speeds, may require special equipment to achieve, and is typically only possible a certain number of times. In computing, booting (or booting up) is the initialization of a computerized system. The system can be a computer or a computer appliance. The booting process can be "hard", , after electrical power to the CPU is switched from off to on (in order to diagnose particular hardware errors), or "soft", when those poweron selftests (POST) can be avoided. On some systems a soft boot may optionally clear RAM to zero. Both hard and soft booting can be initiated by hardware such as a button press, or by software command. Booting is complete when the normal, operative, runtime environment is attained. A boot loader is a computer program that loads an operating system or some other system software for the computer after completion of the poweron selftests; it is the loader for the operating system itself. Within the hard reboot process, it runs after completion of the selftests, then loads and runs the software. A boot loader is loaded into main memory from persistent memory, such as a hard disk drive or, in some older computers, from a medium such as punched cards, punched tape, or magnetic tape. The boot loader then loads and executes the processes that finalize the boot. Like POST processes, the boot loader code comes from a "hardwired" and persistent location; if that location is too limited for some reason, that primary boot loader calls a secondstage boot loader or a secondary program loader. On modern general purpose computers, the boot up process can take tens of seconds, or even minutes, and typically involves performing a poweron selftest, locating and initializing peripheral devices, and then finding, loading and starting an operating system. The process of hibernating or sleeping does not involve booting. Minimally, some embedded systems do not require a noticeable boot sequence to begin functioning and when turned on may simply run operational programs that are stored in ROM. All computing systems are state machines, and a reboot may be the only method to return to a designated zerostate from an unintended, locked state. In addition to loading an operating system or standalone utility, the boot process can also load a storage dump program for diagnosing problems in an operating system. Boot is short for bootstrap[1][2] or bootstrap load and derives from the phrase to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps.[3][citation needed]The usage calls attention to the requirement that, if most software is loaded onto a computer by other software already running on the computer, some mechanism must exist to load the initial software onto the computer.[4] Early computers used a variety of adhoc methods to get a small program into memory to solve this problem. The invention of readonly memory (ROM) of various types solved this paradox by allowing computers to be shipped with a start up program that could not be erased. Growth in the capacity of ROM has allowed ever more elaborate start up procedures to be implemented..Read More »
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